What equipment is typically used for soil compaction testing?

The use of nuclear density gauges and sand cone apparatus is essential for soil compaction testing because they directly measure the density and moisture content of the soil in situ. Nuclear density gauges utilize radioactive isotopes to determine the density of the soil by measuring the amount of radiation that passes through the soil, which correlates to its density. This method allows for non-destructive testing and provides immediate results on-site.

The sand cone apparatus, on the other hand, is a traditional method that involves using a calibrated container filled with sand. The container is inverted on the ground, allowing the sand to flow into a hole excavated in the compacted soil. The volume of sand that fills the hole is then measured to calculate the density of the soil. This method provides a reliable means of determining compaction levels, allowing for quality control during construction activities.

In summary, both the nuclear density gauges and sand cone apparatus are specifically designed for assessing the effectiveness of soil compaction, making them the correct choice for this question.